Under what circumstances is it justified to handcuff a subject?

Handcuffing a subject is generally justified under specific legal and safety-related circumstances, which primarily include the subject having committed a crime. This is due to the belief that an individual who has broken the law may pose a risk to themselves, others, or law enforcement personnel if not restrained. The process of handcuffing provides a means to prevent potential escape or further criminal activity.

In contrast, while the presence of multiple officers or a situation with an unknown subject could influence the decision to handcuff, these factors alone do not provide a solid legal basis for doing so. Handcuffing someone who is compliant can also raise issues of unnecessary force, particularly if the person poses no threat. Therefore, the justification for handcuffing is strongly rooted in the need to maintain safety and order in a situation involving criminal activity.