What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. These branches play crucial roles in regulating involuntary physiological functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

The sympathetic nervous system is often described as the fight-or-flight system, preparing the body to respond to stress or emergencies. It increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and redirects blood flow to muscles, thus priming the body for quick action.

On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is known as the rest-and-digest system. It promotes a state of calm and relaxation, slowing the heart rate, enhancing digestion, and encouraging energy conservation after stress has passed.

Understanding these two branches is essential for grasping how the body responds to various stimuli and maintains homeostasis. The options that mention somatic, central, peripheral, voluntary, and involuntary do not accurately represent the classification of the autonomic nervous system, focusing instead on different aspects of body control and function.