Which type of motor skills are least affected by increased heart rates?

Gross motor skills are characterized by the use of large muscle groups and involve movements that require strength, stability, and coordination, such as running, jumping, and climbing. These skills tend to be less affected by increased heart rates because they are more instinctive and can still be performed even when the body is under stress. When the heart rate rises, the body focuses on maintaining basic physical capabilities, which often include gross movements that do not require precise control.

In contrast, fine motor skills, which involve small muscle movements and precision, can be significantly impacted by stress and increased heart rates. Similarly, complex motor skills, which require coordination of multiple muscle groups and cognitive processing, may also suffer when the body is in a heightened state of arousal. Reflexive motor skills, while quick and often automatic, can still be influenced by physiological changes; hence they might not be as reliable under stress as gross motor skills. Therefore, gross motor skills are the most resilient type in conditions where heart rate is elevated.